B4-Attenuation and Scattering
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⌘ Interaction of electromagnetic waves with the Environment
Examples are:
- leaves will mainly interact around 6 Unik/GHz: thickness will attenuate, whereas reflection is due to diameter of leaves
- branches will have main interaction at about 1 Unik/GHz
- the tree trunk will interact with almost all frequencies at 30 Unik/MHz and above.
⌘ Attenuation in walls
Attenuation in material follows typical an exponential behaviour. | ![]() |
⌘Attenuation parameters for 2.4 GHz
|| Obstacle ||Attenuation [dB] ||
|| Brick wall with window || 2 ||
|| Brick wall next to metal door || 3 ||
|| Cinder Block wall || 4 ||
|| Office wall || 6 ||
|| Metal door in office wall || 6 ||
|| Metall door in brick wall || 12.4 ||
|| Floor || 30 ||
Measurements performed for European building
(Source:Hydra Deliverable D5.4, p 12)
⌘ Path loss calculation
Hydra pass loss approximation
- relation between fading margin and receiver sensitivity