B4-Attenuation and Scattering
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⌘ Interaction of electromagnetic waves with the Environment
Examples are:
- leaves will mainly interact around 6 Unik/GHz: thickness will attenuate, whereas reflection is due to diameter of leaves
- branches will have main interaction at about 1 Unik/GHz
- the tree trunk will interact with almost all frequencies at 30 Unik/MHz and above.
⌘ Attenuation in walls
Attenuation in material follows typical an exponential behaviour. | ![]() |
⌘Attenuation parameters for 2.4 GHz
Obstacle | Attenuation |
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---|---|---|
Brick wall with window | 2 | |
Brick wall next to metal door | 3 | |
Cinder Block wall | 4 | |
Office wall | 6 | |
Metal door in office wall | 6 | |
Metall door in brick wall | 12.4 | |
Floor | 30 |
Measurements performed for European building
(Source:Hydra Deliverable D5.4, p 12)
⌘ Path loss calculation
Hydra pass loss approximation
- relation between fading margin and receiver sensitivity