Difference between revisions of "D4-Mobile Systems"

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== ⌘UMTS traffic simulations==
 
== ⌘UMTS traffic simulations==
 
[[File:FDD-results.png]]
 
[[File:FDD-results.png]]
 +
 +
''Note: voice, Low constraint delay (LCD, typical streaming) and Unconstrained data delay (UDD, typical ftp, email)''
  
 
(Source:Telenor FoU report 3-99)
 
(Source:Telenor FoU report 3-99)
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http://www.umtsworld.com/technology/wcdma.htm
 
http://www.umtsworld.com/technology/wcdma.htm
  
−
= ⌘LTE technology =
+
= ⌘4G/LTE technology =
−
* Presentations and discussion on topic
+
* OFDMA based, time, frequency and code scheme, see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lu4I0iWhmZM
−
*  
+
** see: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QEpxtiN8Trc  (from OFDM to OFDMA)
 +
 
 +
== ⌘LTE 450 MHz ==
 
LTE 450 pro's and con's from [http://450alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Ovum-LTE450-presentation.pdf Ovum conf. publication (.pdf)]
 
LTE 450 pro's and con's from [http://450alliance.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/Ovum-LTE450-presentation.pdf Ovum conf. publication (.pdf)]
 
* Band 31, limited bandwidth of 2 x 10 MHz
 
* Band 31, limited bandwidth of 2 x 10 MHz
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[[File:LTE450_Ovum_pres.png|450px]]
 
[[File:LTE450_Ovum_pres.png|450px]]
  
−
=⌘ IMT-A: WiMAX, LTE =
+
=⌘ IMT-A (4G): WiMAX, LTE =
 
IMT-Advanced (IMT-A) is often called the 4G standard for Mobile Communications. Both WiMAX through the 802.16e and LTE provide technologies for achieving higher data throughput.
 
IMT-Advanced (IMT-A) is often called the 4G standard for Mobile Communications. Both WiMAX through the 802.16e and LTE provide technologies for achieving higher data throughput.
  
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Evolution of radio spectrum, and frequency bands for LTE
 
Evolution of radio spectrum, and frequency bands for LTE
 
http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frequency-spectrum.php
 
http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frequency-spectrum.php
 +
 +
[[File:LTE-FDD_band.png|500px|LTE FDD band, source:radioelectronics.com]]
 +
 +
 +
[[File:LTE-TDD_band.png|500px|LTE TDD band, source: radioelectronics.com]]
  
 
== Presentations from earlier courses ==
 
== Presentations from earlier courses ==
 
===  WIMAX ===
 
===  WIMAX ===
−
* [[Media:WIMAX.pdf]] (by Dag Ove Eggum, 2012)
+
* [[Media:WIMAX.pdf]] (by Dag Ove, 2012)
 
* [[File:Achieving Wireless Broadband with WiMax.pdf]]
 
* [[File:Achieving Wireless Broadband with WiMax.pdf]]
 
* [[Media:IEEE 802.16 Standards - The working group and documents.pdf]]
 
* [[Media:IEEE 802.16 Standards - The working group and documents.pdf]]
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== ⌘Verizon Wireless reveals LTE speeds==
 
== ⌘Verizon Wireless reveals LTE speeds==
 
* from Mobile Business Briefing    7 December 2009
 
* from Mobile Business Briefing    7 December 2009
−
Verizon Wireless claims that next year’s launch of its LTE network will enable average downlink data rates per user of 5-12 Mb/s and 2-5 Mb/s in the uplink. The figures were made public on a website promoting the technology and are said to be “over 10x faster than current 3G technology.” Interestingly, WiMAX service provider Clearwire says its network gives “average mobile download speeds of 3 to 6 Mb/s with bursts over 10 Mb/s." Although Verizon’s LTE website does not reveal specific launch dates, it does state that “Verizon Wireless will be the first in the US and among the first in the world to launch LTE, starting with 25 to 30 markets in 2010, covering approximately 100 million people; and extending to cover our current 3G footprint in 2013.”
+
** Verizon Wireless: average downlink 5-12 Mb/s and uplink  2-5 Mb/s (LTE)
  
 
==⌘Unstrung.com - Wireless News, 24 Nov 2009==
 
==⌘Unstrung.com - Wireless News, 24 Nov 2009==
  
−
11:20 AM -- Four Finnish operators got some Long Term Evolution (LTE) and WiMax spectrum for just €3.8 million (US$5.6 million). (See Finland Awards 4G Spectrum.)
+
11:20 AM -- Four Finnish operators got some Long Term Evolution (LTE 2.6 GHz) and WiMax spectrum for just €3.8 million (US$5.6 million). (See Finland Awards 4G Spectrum.)
 +
* LTE FDD Elisa Corp. bid €834,700 ($1.2 million) for 50 MHz;
 +
* TeliaSonera AB (Nasdaq: TLSN) bid €819,200 ($1.2 million) for 50 MHz; and
 +
* DNA Oy bid € 675,700 ($1 million) for 40 MHz.
  
−
Finland completed its auction of 2.6 GHz spectrum yesterday, which lasted for five days and went 27 rounds. All three main operators and a new entrant acquired licenses for proto-4G mobile broadband services.
+
* WiMax spectrum (TDD, now LTE TDD), Pirkanmaan Verkko Oy bid € 1,468,200 ($2.2 million) for 50 MHz.  
  
−
For the LTE spectrum (that is, Frequency Division Duplex), Elisa Corp. bid €834,700 ($1.2 million) for 50 MHz; TeliaSonera AB (Nasdaq: TLSN) bid €819,200 ($1.2 million) for 50 MHz; and DNA Oy bid € 675,700 ($1 million) for 40 MHz.  
+
Nordic:
 +
* Norway 229 million Norwegian Kronor ($41 million) in 2007
 +
* Sweden  2 billion Swedish Kronor ($304 million) in 2008.  
 +
Sources: ''See Craig Goes to Norway, Sweden Awards 4G Spectrum, Swedish 4G, Telenor to Test Huawei LTE, and TeliaSonera: We'll Do 4G in 2010''
  
−
For the WiMax spectrum (that is, Time Division Duplex), newcomer Pirkanmaan Verkko Oy bid € 1,468,200 ($2.2 million) for 50 MHz.
 
−
 
−
So now Finland, Norway, and Sweden have auctioned 2.6 GHz spectrum. Norway's auction totaled 229 million Norwegian Kronor ($41 million) in 2007 while Sweden got 2 billion Swedish Kronor ($304 million) in 2008. LTE deployment plans are well underway in Norway and Sweden. (See Craig Goes to Norway, Sweden Awards 4G Spectrum, Swedish 4G, Telenor to Test Huawei LTE, and TeliaSonera: We'll Do 4G in 2010.)
 
−
 
−
Meanwhile, the rest of Europe still waits for more spectrum. (See Germany's Monster 4G Auction, Europe Faces 4G Spectrum Delays, French 4G Spectrum Update, and Europe Waits for 4G Spectrum.)
 
  
 
== ⌘Norway: NPT license conditions==
 
== ⌘Norway: NPT license conditions==
−
from: [[Norwegian Post Telecommunication Regulator (NPT) -> http://www.npt.no/portal/page/portal/PG_NPT_NO_NO/PAG_NPT_NO_HOME/PAG_RESSURSER_TEKST?p_d_i=-121&p_d_c=&p_d_v=104880]]
+
from: [Norwegian Post Telecommunication Regulator (NPT) http://www.npt.no/portal/page/portal/PG_NPT_NO_NO/PAG_NPT_NO_HOME/PAG_RESSURSER_TEKST?p_d_i=-121&p_d_c=&p_d_v=104880]
  
−
===Objects of the auction===
+
*  2500-2690 MHz and 2010-2025 MHz. The new licenses expire 31 December 2022.
−
 
+
*  five sub-bands, each consisting of a number of contiguous frequency blocks.  
−
The spectrum comprised the frequencies 2500-2690 MHz and 2010-2025 MHz. The new licenses expire 31 December 2022.
+
* six different regions.  
−
 
+
−
The available spectrum in the 2500-2690 MHz and 2010-2025 MHz bands consists of five sub-bands, each consisting of a number of contiguous frequency blocks. All blocks will be made available in six different regions. A map showing the regions is provided here.
+
  
 
The five sub-bands are:
 
The five sub-bands are:
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* (E) Three unpaired blocks of 10 MHz at the top end of the 2.6 GHz band (2660-2690 MHz)
 
* (E) Three unpaired blocks of 10 MHz at the top end of the 2.6 GHz band (2660-2690 MHz)
  
 +
''Note: Unpaired is TDD operation, while paired is FDD operation''
 
=== ⌘ Price policy===
 
=== ⌘ Price policy===
−
The total amount will consist of a fixed component per contiguous spectrum block and a variable component that will depend on the bandwidth at disposal and the population in the geographical area covered by the licence. A good estimate for 2008 will be an annual administrative charge of (NOK 25000 x number of contiguous blocks) + (NOK 1600 x bandwidth in MHz) x (regional percentage of Norway';s population).
+
The total amount will consist of
 +
*  a fixed component per contiguous spectrum block
 +
*  a variable component that will depend on the bandwidth at disposal and the population in the geographical area  
 +
* Estimate for 2008
 +
** annual administrative charge of (NOK 25000 x number of contiguous blocks)  
 +
** + (NOK 1600 x bandwidth in MHz) x (regional percentage of Norway';s population).
 +
 
 +
<green>Q: take the Norwegian population and calculate the licence costs per region</green>

Latest revision as of 14:28, 5 May 2020

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⌘ Mobile Communication Spectrum

Spectrum requirements
  • increased spectrum need
    • due to mobile broadband
    • indoor coverage, replacement of fixed networks
  • low frequencies for increased range, thus coverage

Mobile Spectrum.png

Source: http://www.spectrum2020.ca/presentations/Rappaport.pdf

⌘ The challenge of area coverage

Land area Norway, 385.178 km^2 - 7500 basestasjons http://www.mynewsdesk.com/no/telenor/pressreleases/sjekk-naar-du-faar-4g-der-du-bor-1399662

  • Tanzania 947,303 km^2 = 3 x Norway,
  • Mali 1.240.000 km^2 = 4 x Norway
  • DRC 2.345.000 km^2 = 8 x Norway

⌘ Throughput increase

FettweisRadioDevelopment-Mobile.png

[Presentation G. Fettweis, IEEE VTC forum Baltimore], http://www.ieeevtc.org/plenaries/vtc2007fall/28.pdf

⌘Example of propagation

Results for UMTS (worst case), with 3 sector antenna

  • Range of unloaded cell is 700 m in urban pedestrian
  • With loaded cell, assumed increase of noise by 10 dB, max cell radius 390 m
  • vehicular with typical range of 3600 m (unloaded) and 1900 m (loaded)
  • Next: examples and simulations


⌘Oslo simulations, performed for GSM at 1800 MHz

Transmission at 25 dBm

Transmission at 35 dBm

Scaleimage.png

how much does the range decrease when reducing the power by 10 dB?


(Source: Helge Dommarsnes, Telenor Mobil)


⌘Difference GSM - UMTS

Illustration of Q_16 parameter in GSM
  • Frequency
  • Receiver structure
    • GSM sliding window of 16
    • UMTS Rake receiver

Q16ratio:The ratio of the power inside to the power outside a window of duration 16 . For each IR the window is slid to find the position with highest power inside the window.


(Source:R Rækken, G. Løvnes, Telektronikk)

⌘Results of link level simulation

LinkLevelEBN0.png

Simulations to achieve minimum W-CDMA using given QoS parameter: here voice service

(Source: Eurescom P921, D2)


⌘UMTS cell planning

Figure: UMTS macro and microcells in a 6-operator environment


⌘UMTS traffic simulations

FDD-results.png

Note: voice, Low constraint delay (LCD, typical streaming) and Unconstrained data delay (UDD, typical ftp, email)

(Source:Telenor FoU report 3-99)

⌘Cell Breathing effect in UMTS

CellBreathing-UMTS.gif

View: http://www.eurescom.de/~public-web-deliverables/P900-series/P921/D2/index.html for "live simulation" and "Cell Ranges for GSM1800 and UMTS Services"

(Source: Eurescom P921, D2)

⌘Network planning

GSM versus UMTS

  • UMTS is interference limited
  • GSM is build on frequency reuse in the cells, while UMTS has the same frequency in neighbouring cells
  • UMTS range is capacity limited
  • UMTS requires simultaneous cell planning and network dimensioning
  • handover is network based, the handset announces, network performs the handover
  • In UMTS a mobile phone can be connected to two cells at the same time, the handover is then called soft handover. Handover between sectors in of the same antenna are called softer handover


⌘Cell cover and macro-diversity areas

Outcome of Eurescom P921 system level simulations

CellCoverageUMTS.jpg

(Source: Eurescom P921, D2)

⌘Smart antennas and MIMO measurements

SmartAntennaMeasures1.jpg

SmartAntennaMeasures2.jpg

GSM

Example GSM: the upload band is from 880-915 Unik/MHz (in Europe), which is 35 Unik/MHz. With a carrier of 200 kHz we have 175 channels, which have to be divided between the various operators.

UMTS specifications

http://www.umtsworld.com/technology/wcdma.htm

⌘4G/LTE technology

⌘LTE 450 MHz

LTE 450 pro's and con's from Ovum conf. publication (.pdf)

  • Band 31, limited bandwidth of 2 x 10 MHz

LTE450 Ovum pres.png

⌘ IMT-A (4G): WiMAX, LTE

IMT-Advanced (IMT-A) is often called the 4G standard for Mobile Communications. Both WiMAX through the 802.16e and LTE provide technologies for achieving higher data throughput.

Though LTE was originally designed to work in the

Evolution of radio spectrum, and frequency bands for LTE http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frequency-spectrum.php

LTE FDD band, source:radioelectronics.com


LTE TDD band, source: radioelectronics.com

Presentations from earlier courses

WIMAX

⌘Verizon Wireless reveals LTE speeds

  • from Mobile Business Briefing 7 December 2009
    • Verizon Wireless: average downlink 5-12 Mb/s and uplink 2-5 Mb/s (LTE)

⌘Unstrung.com - Wireless News, 24 Nov 2009

11:20 AM -- Four Finnish operators got some Long Term Evolution (LTE 2.6 GHz) and WiMax spectrum for just €3.8 million (US$5.6 million). (See Finland Awards 4G Spectrum.)

  • LTE FDD Elisa Corp. bid €834,700 ($1.2 million) for 50 MHz;
  • TeliaSonera AB (Nasdaq: TLSN) bid €819,200 ($1.2 million) for 50 MHz; and
  • DNA Oy bid € 675,700 ($1 million) for 40 MHz.
  • WiMax spectrum (TDD, now LTE TDD), Pirkanmaan Verkko Oy bid € 1,468,200 ($2.2 million) for 50 MHz.

Nordic:

  • Norway 229 million Norwegian Kronor ($41 million) in 2007
  • Sweden 2 billion Swedish Kronor ($304 million) in 2008.

Sources: See Craig Goes to Norway, Sweden Awards 4G Spectrum, Swedish 4G, Telenor to Test Huawei LTE, and TeliaSonera: We'll Do 4G in 2010


⌘Norway: NPT license conditions

from: [Norwegian Post Telecommunication Regulator (NPT) http://www.npt.no/portal/page/portal/PG_NPT_NO_NO/PAG_NPT_NO_HOME/PAG_RESSURSER_TEKST?p_d_i=-121&p_d_c=&p_d_v=104880]

  • 2500-2690 MHz and 2010-2025 MHz. The new licenses expire 31 December 2022.
  • five sub-bands, each consisting of a number of contiguous frequency blocks.
  • six different regions.

The five sub-bands are:

  • (A) The 2010 MHz band, consisting of a single 15MHz block.
  • (B) Five unpaired blocks of 10MHz at the centre of the 2.6GHz band (2570 MHz to 2620 MHz).
  • (C) Eight paired blocks of 2x5 MHz in the 2.6 GHz band (2500-2540 MHz paired with 2620-2660 MHz).
  • (D) Three unpaired blocks of 10 MHz below sub-band B in the 2.6 GHz band (2540-2570 MHz).
  • (E) Three unpaired blocks of 10 MHz at the top end of the 2.6 GHz band (2660-2690 MHz)

Note: Unpaired is TDD operation, while paired is FDD operation

⌘ Price policy

The total amount will consist of

  • a fixed component per contiguous spectrum block
  • a variable component that will depend on the bandwidth at disposal and the population in the geographical area
  • Estimate for 2008
    • annual administrative charge of (NOK 25000 x number of contiguous blocks)
    • + (NOK 1600 x bandwidth in MHz) x (regional percentage of Norway';s population).

<green>Q: take the Norwegian population and calculate the licence costs per region</green>

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