D4-Mobile Systems
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Contents
- 1 ⌘ Mobile Communication Spectrum
- 2 ⌘ Speed requirements
- 2.1 ⌘Example of propagation
- 2.2 ⌘Oslo simulations, performed for GSM at 1800 MHz
- 2.3 ⌘Difference GSM - UMTS
- 2.4 ⌘Results of link level simulation
- 2.5 ⌘UMTS cell planning
- 2.6 ⌘UMTS traffic simulations
- 2.7 ⌘Cell Breathing effect in UMTS
- 2.8 ⌘Network planning
- 2.9 ⌘Cell cover and macro-diversity areas
- 2.10 ⌘Smart antennas and MIMO measurements
- 3 GSM
- 4 UMTS specifications
- 5 ⌘ IMT-A: WiMAX, LTE
⌘ Mobile Communication Spectrum
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Source: http://www.spectrum2020.ca/presentations/Rappaport.pdf |
⌘ Speed requirements
[Presentation G. Fettweis, IEEE VTC forum Baltimore], http://www.ieeevtc.org/plenaries/vtc2007fall/28.pdf
⌘Example of propagation
Results for UMTS (worst case), with 3 sector antenna
- Range of unloaded cell is 700 m in urban pedestrian
- With loaded cell, assumed increase of noise by 10 dB, max cell radius 390 m
- vehicular with typical range of 3600 m (unloaded) and 1900 m (loaded)
- Next: examples and simulations
⌘Oslo simulations, performed for GSM at 1800 MHz
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how much does the range decrease when reducing the power by 10 dB?
(Source: Helge Dommarsnes, Telenor Mobil)
⌘Difference GSM - UMTS
- Frequency
- Receiver structure
- GSM sliding window of 16
- UMTS Rake receiver
- GSM sliding window of 16
Q16ratio:The ratio of the power inside to the power outside a window of duration 16 . For each IR the window is slid to find the position with highest power inside the window.
(Source:R Rækken, G. Løvnes, Telektronikk)
⌘Results of link level simulation
Simulations to achieve minimum W-CDMA using given QoS parameter: here voice service
(Source: Eurescom P921, D2)
⌘UMTS cell planning
⌘UMTS traffic simulations
(Source:Telenor FoU report 3-99)
⌘Cell Breathing effect in UMTS
View: http://www.eurescom.de/~public-web-deliverables/P900-series/P921/D2/index.html for "live simulation" and "Cell Ranges for GSM1800 and UMTS Services"
(Source: Eurescom P921, D2)
⌘Network planning
GSM versus UMTS
- UMTS is interference limited
- GSM is build on frequency reuse in the cells, while UMTS has the same frequency in neighbouring cells
- UMTS range is capacity limited
- UMTS requires simultaneous cell planning and network dimensioning
- handover is network based, the handset announces, network performs the handover
- In UMTS a mobile phone can be connected to two cells at the same time, the handover is then called soft handover. Handover between sectors in of the same antenna are called softer handover
⌘Cell cover and macro-diversity areas
Outcome of Eurescom P921 system level simulations
(Source: Eurescom P921, D2)
⌘Smart antennas and MIMO measurements
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GSM
Example GSM: the upload band is from 880-915 Unik/MHz (in Europe), which is 35 Unik/MHz. With a carrier of 200 kHz we have 175 channels, which have to be divided between the various operators.
UMTS specifications
http://www.umtsworld.com/technology/wcdma.htm
⌘LTE technology
- Presentations and discussion on topic
- [[LTE .ppt (Andreas) -> File:LTE-Andreas.ppt, [[LTE (.pdf with comments) -> File:LTE-presentation--comments.pdf
⌘ IMT-A: WiMAX, LTE
IMT-Advanced (IMT-A) is often called the 4G standard for Mobile Communications. Both WiMAX through the 802.16e and LTE provide technologies for achieving higher data throughput.
Though LTE was originally designed to work in the
Evolution of radio spectrum, and frequency bands for LTE http://www.radio-electronics.com/info/cellulartelecomms/lte-long-term-evolution/lte-frequency-spectrum.php
Presentations from earlier courses
WIMAX
- Media:WIMAX.pdf (by Dag Ove Eggum, 2012)
- File:Achieving Wireless Broadband with WiMax.pdf
- Media:IEEE 802.16 Standards - The working group and documents.pdf
- Media:Sleep Mode Operation - WiMax.pdf
- Media:The WiMax IEEE 802.16e Physical Layer Model.pdf
- Media:Wimax - Current Performance Benchmarks and Future Potensial.pdf
⌘Verizon Wireless reveals LTE speeds
- from Mobile Business Briefing 7 December 2009
Verizon Wireless claims that next year’s launch of its LTE network will enable average downlink data rates per user of 5-12 Mb/s and 2-5 Mb/s in the uplink. The figures were made public on a website promoting the technology and are said to be “over 10x faster than current 3G technology.” Interestingly, WiMAX service provider Clearwire says its network gives “average mobile download speeds of 3 to 6 Mb/s with bursts over 10 Mb/s." Although Verizon’s LTE website does not reveal specific launch dates, it does state that “Verizon Wireless will be the first in the US and among the first in the world to launch LTE, starting with 25 to 30 markets in 2010, covering approximately 100 million people; and extending to cover our current 3G footprint in 2013.”
⌘Unstrung.com - Wireless News, 24 Nov 2009
11:20 AM -- Four Finnish operators got some Long Term Evolution (LTE) and WiMax spectrum for just €3.8 million (US$5.6 million). (See Finland Awards 4G Spectrum.)
Finland completed its auction of 2.6 GHz spectrum yesterday, which lasted for five days and went 27 rounds. All three main operators and a new entrant acquired licenses for proto-4G mobile broadband services.
For the LTE spectrum (that is, Frequency Division Duplex), Elisa Corp. bid €834,700 ($1.2 million) for 50 MHz; TeliaSonera AB (Nasdaq: TLSN) bid €819,200 ($1.2 million) for 50 MHz; and DNA Oy bid € 675,700 ($1 million) for 40 MHz.
For the WiMax spectrum (that is, Time Division Duplex), newcomer Pirkanmaan Verkko Oy bid € 1,468,200 ($2.2 million) for 50 MHz.
So now Finland, Norway, and Sweden have auctioned 2.6 GHz spectrum. Norway's auction totaled 229 million Norwegian Kronor ($41 million) in 2007 while Sweden got 2 billion Swedish Kronor ($304 million) in 2008. LTE deployment plans are well underway in Norway and Sweden. (See Craig Goes to Norway, Sweden Awards 4G Spectrum, Swedish 4G, Telenor to Test Huawei LTE, and TeliaSonera: We'll Do 4G in 2010.)
Meanwhile, the rest of Europe still waits for more spectrum. (See Germany's Monster 4G Auction, Europe Faces 4G Spectrum Delays, French 4G Spectrum Update, and Europe Waits for 4G Spectrum.)
⌘Norway: NPT license conditions
from: [[Norwegian Post Telecommunication Regulator (NPT) -> http://www.npt.no/portal/page/portal/PG_NPT_NO_NO/PAG_NPT_NO_HOME/PAG_RESSURSER_TEKST?p_d_i=-121&p_d_c=&p_d_v=104880]]
Objects of the auction
The spectrum comprised the frequencies 2500-2690 MHz and 2010-2025 MHz. The new licenses expire 31 December 2022.
The available spectrum in the 2500-2690 MHz and 2010-2025 MHz bands consists of five sub-bands, each consisting of a number of contiguous frequency blocks. All blocks will be made available in six different regions. A map showing the regions is provided here.
The five sub-bands are:
- (A) The 2010 MHz band, consisting of a single 15MHz block.
- (B) Five unpaired blocks of 10MHz at the centre of the 2.6GHz band (2570 MHz to 2620 MHz).
- (C) Eight paired blocks of 2x5 MHz in the 2.6 GHz band (2500-2540 MHz paired with 2620-2660 MHz).
- (D) Three unpaired blocks of 10 MHz below sub-band B in the 2.6 GHz band (2540-2570 MHz).
- (E) Three unpaired blocks of 10 MHz at the top end of the 2.6 GHz band (2660-2690 MHz)
⌘ Price policy
The total amount will consist of a fixed component per contiguous spectrum block and a variable component that will depend on the bandwidth at disposal and the population in the geographical area covered by the licence. A good estimate for 2008 will be an annual administrative charge of (NOK 25000 x number of contiguous blocks) + (NOK 1600 x bandwidth in MHz) x (regional percentage of Norway';s population).
